TC4056 Lithium Ion battery charger- Datasheet Schematic
The TC4056 is a linear li-ion battery charger IC that is generally used in devices to charge 18650 li-ion cells. This is a charge controller IC which is designed to be used with all 3.7v of lithium ion cells, including Li-Polymer, Li-ion, and LiFePO4 batteries. In this article we will be discussing the circuit diagram of the TC4056 Lithium Ion Battery Charger module, components on the module.
If you are looking for alternatives to TC4056A then, there are several li-ion battery charger ICs such as the TP4056, TP5100, and TP5000. These ICs have similar functions to that of the TC4056A, but they have slightly different specifications, features and application.
The TP4056, TP5100, and TP5000 are alternatives to the TC4056, and they can be used as a substitute charge controller. Before selecting an alternative IC, it is essential to carefully examine the specific requirements of the application.
TC4056 Schematic Circuit diagram
Below is the simple circuit diagram for the 3.7 V battery charger schematic according to the datasheet of TC4056 with temperature sense disabled. The circuit diagram for the TC4056A is simple, consisting of the main IC and a few supporting components such as resistors, capacitors, and LEDs. The schematic includes the input and output connections, as well as the output current control.
In the charging phase, only the Red LED glows, and in the fully charged state, only the Green LED glows. These indicators are connected to pin number 7 and pin number 6 respectively.
So here’s the diagram: How to wire a TC4056?
IC TC4056, 2x LED indicator, 2x Cap= 10uF, Rprog= 1.2KΩ, 2x Resistor= 1KΩ, Rs= 0.4Ω, 3.7V Lithium cell, micro USB/ USB c female connector, pcb.
This circuit can be used only for charging purposes. Rprog is chosen to be 1.2KΩ for 1000mA of output current, this can be changed by setting different values of Rprog. If Rprog is chosen to be 2KΩ then battery will be charge at 580mA of output current.
You can manually set the charging current (IBAT) of the lithium ion cell by selecting a value for the Rprog value. In all modes during charging, the voltage on pin 2 can be calculated with respective to charging current as follows:
The Rprog(KΩ) vs Ibat(mA) can be determined using following table:
The TC4056A and its alternatives ICs have the battery protection features to ensure safe and reliable charging. Like, it has over-voltage protection, which prevents the battery from being charged to a voltage level that is too high. It also has thermal protection, which cuts off the current when the chip gets overheated due to any reason, and also has short-circuit protection.
TC4056 Module:
IC TC4056 is also available as a module, which has all the components on board required for functioning. This module makes it easy for DIY projects, as it eliminates the need for manual soldering and component placement. TC4056A modules can be purchased online or through electronic component distributors.
TC4056 Pinout:
The TC4056 has a total of eight pins, all of them are used in the schematics. The pinout of the TC4056A is as follows:
- VCC: This is the positive input terminal.
- PROG-: This is the terminal for determining the charging current.
- BAT: This is the positive terminal of the battery being charged.
- CHRG: This is the indicator pin of the battery being charged.
- STDBY: This is the status output pin, which indicates the battery is not connected.
- GND: This is the ground pin.
- TEMP: This is the thermal protection pin, which provides protection against overheating.
- CE: This is the charge enable pin, ie., switch for charging process.
The pinout of the TC4056A and its circuit diagram are also straightforward and well-documented, making it easy to use in a variety of battery charging applications.
DIY Lithium-ion 18650 Battery Charger using TP4056 Module.
Rechargeable batteries are among the most used power sources for electronic devices and in this tutorial, I would like to show you how to make a simple lithium battery charger using TP4056 module with battery protection.
This module is made for charging rechargeable lithium batteries using the constant-current/constant-voltage charging method. There are two types of Lithium battery charger TP4056 modules on the market, with and without protection IC.
For this tutorial I’ll FOCUS on the TP4056 battery charger module with battery protection containing components as shown below.
This module uses the TP4056 Li-ion charge controller IC and a separate DW01A Li-ion battery protection IC which provides the following features;
- Over-discharge protection which keeps your battery from being discharged below 2.4V, a healthy minimum voltage level for your battery. If a connected battery has been discharged below 2.4V the module will cut output power from the battery until the battery voltage has been re-charged above 3.0V (the over-discharge release voltage), which at that time the module will again allow discharge of power from the battery to a connected load. Although the module cuts output power from the battery during an over-discharge situation, it still allows charging of the battery to occur through the parasitic diode of the discharge control MOSFET (FS8205A Dual MOSFET).
- Overcharge protection – the module will safely charge your battery to 4.2V.
- Overcurrent and short-circuit protection – the module will cut the output from the battery if the discharge rate exceeds 3A or if a short-circuit condition occurs.
- Soft-start protection which limits inrush current.
- Trickle charge (battery reconditioning) – if the voltage level of the connected battery is less than 2.9V, the module will use a trickle charge current of 130mA until the battery voltage reaches 2.9V, at which point the charge current will be linearly increased to the configured charge current.
Rprog Resistor – This is used for externally configuring the charge current. You can check the TP4056 module datasheet which includes a table and equation for what resistor values to use for configuring different charge currents.
Status LEDs – The Red LED indicates that the battery is charging and Blue(green) LED shows that the battery is full charged. If no battery is connected, the blue LED also lights and the red LED will be flashing.
Power supply for the TP4056 module
This charging module can be powered from a 5V 1A DC voltage supply connected via the solder pads marked IN and IN-. Alternatively, you can use a micro-USB cable like the one used for Smart phone chargers.
If you use a micro-USB connection, make sure the USB cable is made to carry at least 1A. Most modern Smart phone USB chargers can provide 1A or more but always check the label on your phone charger to verify before use.
Connecting Lithium battery to the TP4056 module
The charger module has a number of solder pads where the battery to be charged is connected as shown below.
- B and B– (or BAT and BAT-) for connecting the Li-ion battery to be charged.
- IN and IN– are the alternative power supply connection pads
- OUT and OUT- for connecting a load (something for the Li-ion battery to power).
The load should be disconnected when charging the battery. You can use an on and off switch with the load to avoid charging and discharging the battery simultaneously.
It is possible to connect two lithium batteries in parallel to the TP4056 module to form an equivalent single cell battery with a total capacity of twice that of the individual single cells.
When charging two cells in parallel, both cells must be at the same voltage level otherwise if one cell has a lower voltage than the other cell, the higher voltage cell will discharge into the lower voltage cell in order to bring the two cells to the same voltage, which will eventually balance out. If the voltages of the two cells differ significantly the resulting current through both cells can be high enough to cause the cells to overheat and even destroy the cells.
Because of the above reason, it is recommended to use only one battery cell for each TP4056 module and never use more than two cells at a time with a single module
DIY 18650 Li-ion battery charger using TP4056 modules.
I will now proceed to demonstrate how you can make a simple Lithium battery charger unit using TP4056 modules and 18650 Lithium battery holder. The connections can be done as shown below. In my case am making a four-battery charger unit but you can extend this concept to even more units.
The connections can be made using wires or solder or better still you can design a PCB for your charger unit. The finished product will appear as shown below.
Hope you can now be able to make your own low-cost lithium battery charger unit.
Engineering and Technology
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TP4056 li-ion 3.7v battery 18650 Charging Module Detail, Pinout and datasheet
In this text I will discuss about the famous TP4056 charging module which is a 3.70V Li-ion battery 18650 in detail. The pinout, characteristics, setup and calibration for battery value will be covered in this text. TP4056 charger module is a very tiny size module to charge Li-ion batteries that it can fit anywhere inside any electronic equipment or instrument. TP4056 module consists of a single chip IC TP5640 and a few other supporting components which makes high quality and precision charging module which gives complete solution to automatically charge li-ion batteries of any small size. Using TP4056 module to charge the li-ion battery, it provides full battery life and effective charging to prolong battery life with great efficiency. Using TP4056 battery charging module you can make the line powered equipment less power consuming and the old equipment using dry cell can be converted to rechargeable battery solution.
TP4056 Charging Module Characteristic and Technical details
- Input mini USB, micro USB and C port as well as soldering pad connections
- Two indication for charging status.
- Over current and over charging protection
- Battery charging current can be adjustable or can be controlled by replacing one resistor value to certain value which could be obtained easily from the table bellow in this text.
- The module can connected to AC DC power supply by a USB type cable
- Battery temperature measurement is made by IC. It will prevent during overheating.
- Cheap in price and easily available everywhere
- Softly starts charging. Soft start charging feature.
- Automatic cut off charging when battery fully charged.
- Battery full charge indication
- Battery charging current can be adjusted from 130mA to 1000mA.
- wide power supply voltage range form 5.0V to 10.1V DC.
TP4056 charger module explained
TP4056 charging module is a complete charging solution which provides efficient charging solution to 3.7V single rechargeable cell. This module can be used to charge any small size 3.7V lithium iron battery including 18650 cell. This charging module name employees TP4056 due to TP4056 chip used inside this module which is the main part of this module. A few external components are used to support the chip.
The IC has a temperature sensing pin where an NTC can be connected which would be placed on the battery and that NTC will stop charging when the battery under charge temperature will get increase. There are two led indicator sink type pins on the chip in which on of the LED shows the charging state and the other led turns on when charging is complete and charging is disconnected and the charged led would flesh.
TP4056 provides steady 1A charging current which could be reduced or programmed by replacing the value of one resistor.
Micro USB Lithium Battery Charging Module TP4056 with Battery Protection
Simple charger for 1-purpose lithium-polymer batteries with a nominal voltage of 3.7V. Maximum charging current is 1000 mA. The system is powered via the microUSB connector or via wires connected to the IN and IN- inputs. The module is protected against excessive discharge below 2.5 V and excessive current consumption above 3 A.
Outputs
The module has 6 solder fields and a micro USB connector.
Specification
- Layout: TP4056
- Power supply voltage: (microUSB or IN connectors) from 4.5 V to 5.5 V
- Charging voltage: 4,2 V
- Maximum charging current: 1 A
- Socket: microUSB(microUSB cable can be purchased separately)
- Two signal lights
- Red: charging
- Green: full charge
For Lithium battery operating voltage: 3.6V ~4.2V
Applicable for 3.6V (3.6V 1S) lithium battery packs 3.7V (3.7V 1S) lithium battery packs 4.2V (4.2V 1S) lithium battery packs Cylindrical Lithium battery (Li-ion)
Parameters: Maximum protection voltage: 4.255V ± 0.05V Minimum protection voltage: 2.35V ± 0.05V Maximum operating current: 2A
Protections: Short circuit protection Overcharge protection Over-discharge protection Overcurrent protection
Interface Definition:
B : Battery Positive B- : Battery Negative (-) P : Output / Load Postive P- : Output / Load Negative
Boosting Voltage
The breadboard Arduino project that we will be powering requires 5 V, the 18650 battery produces 4.2 V when fully charged with a nominal voltage of 3.7 V. That is not enough to power the breadboard Arduino. We need to boost the voltage using a boost converter.
This is a 5 V boost converter board that will step-up the voltage from the 18650 battery to give us enough voltage to power the breadboard Arduino. You can find boost converter boards like this on eBay for about 450.
These boost converter boards are very simple to use. They will usually have two pads to connect the input and two pads for the output. Some will include an indicator LED.
Building
This is an easy project to build since we are working with pre-made boards.
Step 1: Add wires to the TP4056 board.
Solder the positive and negative wires from the 18650 battery holder to the B and B- pads on the TP4056 board.
Add wires to the OUT and OUT- pads.
Step 2: Connect Boost Converter
Solder the OUT wire to the IN pad and the OUT- to the IN- pad on the boost converter.
Step 3: Add Output Wires
Solder two wires to the output pads on the boost converter. Use your multimeter to find the correct pads if they are not labeled. I used thicker 22 AWG solid wires since I will be connecting to a breadboard.
Step 4: Power!
Connect the output wires to the power rails of the Arduino breadboard and watch the LED light up. Connect a USB cable to the TP4056 charger board, and you should see the red LED turn on to indicate that the battery is charging. You can use this method on any of your projects that require 5 V.
What About 3.3 V?
The voltage on a lithium battery ranges from 4.2 V when fully charged to 2.7 V (this varies by battery). You’ll need a circuit that will lower the voltage when the battery voltage is higher than 3.3 V and boost the voltage when the battery voltage is below 3.3 V.
A 3.3 V buck-boost converter solves this problem. You can buy pre-made buck-boost converter boards on eBay. Follow the same instructions but swap the boost converter board with a buck-boost converter board.
The TP4056 charger board is an amazing tool that can be used for powering projects that are completely enclosed or would benefit from having a built-in charger.
I hope this has spurred some ideas for how to power your own projects with a lithium battery and TP4056 charger board. My next tutorial will show you how to replace the charging current resistor so you can use smaller lithium polymer batteries to power your projects.
How do you power your projects? Leave a comment below and remember to check out this tutorial on YouTube.